Курс 1
Урок № 65
Monday, the twenty fourth of April
Тема уроку: The American education system - Американська система освіти
The System of Education of the USA
Schooling is compulsory for all children in the United States but the age range for which school attendance is required varies from state to state and there is no single system of education in the USA — each state has its own system. In most states children begin elementary education with kindergarten at the age of five to six and finish secondary education with the 12th grade at the age of 18.
Each year of school is called a “grade”. Elementary school includes the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth grade where basic subjects are taught.
The curriculum within public elementary education is determined by individual school districts. A school district selects curriculum guides and textbooks that are reflective of a state’s learning standards for a given grade level. But the main thing is No Child Left Behind. Learning standards usually include maths, social studies, science, physical development, the fine arts and other subjects. Social studies (history, geography), science vary widely.
Middle school and junior high school are between elementary school and senior high school. Middle school includes the sixth, seventh and eighth grade and junior high school includes the ninth grade.
At senior high school or high school students take a broad variety of classes without special emphasis on any particular subject.
Curricula vary widely in quality and rigidity in states. Some states consider 60 points (on a 100-point scale), some — 65 points, others — 75 points to be a passing grade.
Many high schools offer a wide variety of elective courses except required subjects in the United States.
Common types of electives include:
- visual arts (painting, drawing, photography, etc.);
- performing arts (chorus, dance, drama, etc.);
- technology education (metalworking, woodworking, robotics, etc.);
- computers (programming, graphic design, etc.);
- foreign languages (French, Spanish, German, Italian, Latin, Chinese, Greek, Japanese, Arabic);
- athletics (football, baseball, basketball, ice hockey, boxing, etc.);
- publishing (newspaper, magazine, journalism).
There are many high schools which provide Advanced Placement (AP) or International Baccalaureate (IB) courses. AP or IB courses are usually taken during the 11th or 12th grade of high school.
Institutions of higher learning supported by public funds are not absolutely free. The state colleges and universities charge a fee for tuition or registration. This fee is higher for those who come from outside the state.
Usually there is no admission examination required by a state university for those who have finished high school within the state. But private colleges and universities, especially the larger, well-known ones such as Harvard, Princeton and Yale, have rigid scholastic requirements for entrance, including an examination.
About 3 % of all children are educated at home because their parents select moral or religious reasons for home schooling.
But under the No Child Left Behind Act all American states must test students in public schools statewide to ensure that they have achieved the desired level of minimum education, such as the Regents Examinations in New York, the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) and the Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System (MCAS). Students who have been educated at home or in private schools are not included. According to the act students must also show some improvement each year.
3) Письмово виконай вправи: 6 ст.128, 7 ст.128.
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