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Викладач Кравченко Любов Іванівна
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Перше завдання слухання - Listening
Good afternoon and welcome to another edition of “You and Your Body.” The topic of today’s program is vitamins, one of the basic components of the human body, and one that still mystifies many people…at least that’s what the letters from listeners show. Today we will try to answer as many of your questions as possible.
So, what are vitamins? Well, vitamins are one of the five elements essential for a healthy body. The others are proteins, which we get from meat; carbohydrates, which we get from pasta and bread; fats and minerals. Actually, the name vitamin comes from Latin “vita” which means “life.”
Now, before we go on, let me clarify something. Some people may believe that vitamins and minerals are similar because they’re combined in the various food supplements on the market. But they’re not. Vitamins are organic compounds, whereas minerals are inorganic substances. For example, calcium is a mineral, not a vitamin.
Actually, even vitamins differ from one another in their chemical composition and the way they act. Nevertheless, we can see two main vitamin groups: fat-soluble and water-soluble, that is, vitamins that can dissolve either into fat or into water. Let’s have a closer look at those two groups.
Fat-soluble are vitamins A, D, E and K. Their common characteristic is that the body can store them in fat, in the liver and in the kidneys. So we don’t need to take them on a daily basis. Water-soluble are vitamin C and the vitamin B complex. The body cannot store them, so we must make sure that they are contained in our daily diet.
Why are vitamins so important? The main reason is that vitamins help the metabolism of three of the important elements we mentioned before: proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. In other words, without vitamins the body cannot process these essential substances. Vitamins also help the body create blood cells, hormones, chemicals in the nervous system and genetic material. Unfortunately, we still don’t know much about the complex ways in which vitamins operate in the body. Actually, we are not even sure about the precise effect of certain vitamins, for example, vitamin E.
You may be asking, “How do we get these vital elements?” Well, the main sources of vitamins are just around the corner at your local supermarket. We can see two categories: plant products such as fresh fruit and vegetables; vegetable oil and margarine; bread, pasta and cereals; and animal products; meat, poultry and fish; liver, heart and kidneys; and dairy products, that is fresh milk, butter and cheese. Now, there is one vitamin which you get for free, so to speak. Most of vitamin D is produced in the body when the skin is exposed to sunlight. And here is an important piece of information for vegetarians who don’t eat any animal products. Because vitamin B12 is found only in animal products, vegans should take vitamin B12 supplements. Vitamin supplements may also be needed by pregnant women and people on special diets.
I would like to end this program with a word of caution. Vitamins are essential for our health and we do need to ensure that we take the necessary amounts, but we can have too much of a good thing. Yes, it may sound strange to some of you, but taking more than the amount we need will result in a number of health problems. This happens particularly with fat-soluble vitamins. For example, large amounts of vitamin A can cause anything from headaches and skin rashes to growth problems in children. Even large doses of vitamin C, which is not stored in the body, can destroy vitamin B12 and reduce calcium in bones. So be careful when taking food supplements. Good day and good health.
ЗАВДАННЯ
Questions 1 through 10 (on your answer sheet circle + if the statement is true, - if it is false).
1 | The name of the program is “You and Your Vitamins.” | + | - |
2 | The word “vitamin” is derived from Latin. | + | - |
3 | Vitamins and minerals are similar. | + | - |
4 | Vitamins are divided into two categories. | + | - |
5 | Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and kidney. | + | - |
6 | Two water-soluble vitamins are A and C. | + | - |
7 | The primary function of vitamins is to metabolize proteins, carbohydrates and fats. | + | - |
8 | The effects of some vitamins are not known. | + | - |
9 | Vitamin B12 is found only in plant products such as vegetables. | + | - |
10 | It is detrimental to one’s health to take too much of some vitamins. | + | - |
Questions 11 through 20 (on your answer sheet choose the correct letter A, B, C, or D)
11. Information about vitamins:
a. is entirely clear
b. brings up a lot of questions
c. is of little interest to the listeners of the program
d. is very mystical to some people
12. In addition to vitamins, good health depends on:
a. five other elements
b. three other elements
c. a sufficient supply of minerals
d. four other elements
13. The word “vitamin” comes from a word for:
a. food
b. life
c. health
d. energy
14. Vitamins are:
a. organic compounds
b. the same as carbohydrates
c. the same as proteins
d. inorganic compounds
15. Vitamins are different from one another:
a. in their chemical composition
b. in the way they dissolve
c. in the way they react
d. all of the above
16. Fat-soluble vitamins:
a. need to be taken every day
b. do not need to be taken every day
c. add significantly to body weight
d. give the body extra energy
17. Most vitamins can be gotten from:
a. minerals
b. rain water
c. chemicals
d. food
18. Vitamin D is produced:
a. while you sleep
b. when the body is exposed to sunlight
c. by vitamins A and E
d. in a laboratory
19. Vitamin B12 is found:
a. only in plant products
b. only in pregnant women
c. only in animal products
d. only in carbohydrates
20. One of the dangers in taking fat-soluble vitamins is that:
a. they can add to body weight
b. they can cause an upset stomach
c. they can cause health problems if taken in excess
d. none of the above
I shifted uncomfortably inside my
best suit and eased a finger inside the tight white collar. It was hot in the
little bus and I had taken a seat on the wrong side where the summer sun beat
on the windows. It was a strange outfit for the weather, but a few miles ahead
my future employer might be waiting for me and I had to make a good impression.
There was a lot depending on this
interview. Many friends who had qualified with me were unemployed or working in
shops or as labourers in the shipyards. So many that I had almost given up hope
of any future for myself as a veterinary surgeon.
There were usually two or three jobs
advertised in the Veterinary Record each week and an average of eighty
applicants for each one. It hadn’t seemed possible when the letter came from
Darrowby in
The driver crashed his gears again
as we went into another steep bend. We had been climbing steadily now for the
last fifteen miles or so, moving closer to the distant blue of the Pennine
Hills. I had never been in
Suddenly, I realised the bus was
clattering along a narrow street which opened onto a square where we stopped.
Above the window of a small grocer’s shop I read ‘Darrowby Co-operative
Society’. We had arrived. I got out and stood beside my battered suitcase,
looking about me. There was something unusual and I didn’t know what it was at
first. Then it came to me. The other passengers had dispersed, the driver had
switched off the engine and there was not a sound or a movement anywhere. The
only visible sign of life was a group of old men sitting round the clock tower
in the centre of the square, but they might have been carved of stone.
Darrowby didn’t get much space in
the guidebooks, but where it was mentioned it was described as a grey little
town on the River Arrow with a market place and little of interest except its
two ancient bridges. But when you looked at it, its setting was beautiful.
Everywhere from the windows of houses in Darrowby you could see the hills.
There was a clearness in the air, a sense of space and airiness that made me
feel I had left something behind. The pressure of the city, the noise, the
smoke – already they seemed to be falling away from me.
1. The
writer’s outfit stood out because of the weather.
2. Many of
his former group mates have already abandoned hope to become veterinary
surgeons.
3. Mr. S.
Farnon wanted to meet the writer at the weekend.
4. If
everything went well, the writer was to become the assistant veterinary surgeon.
5. The road
they were driving along was smooth and straight.
6. The
writer had always imagined
7. The
streets of Darrowby were wide and busy.
8. The
group of old men sitting round the clock tower were quite quiet and motionless.
9. The town has two ancient bridges of tourist
interest.
10. The Skeldale House had an old-fashioned
brass nameplate.
Загальна кількість балів – 10 (один
бал за кожну відповідь)
11.As he travelled, the writer
regretted his choice of
a.
seat.
b.
clothes.
c.
career.
d.
means of transport.
12.
What had surprised the
writer about the job?
a.
There had been no advertisement.
b.
He had been contacted by letter.
c.
There was an invitation to tea.
d.
He had been selected for interview.
13.
The writer uses the
phrase ‘I had grabbed the lifeline’ to show that he felt
a.
confident of his ability.
b.
ready to consider any offer.
c.
cautious about accepting the invitation.
d.
forced to make a decision unwillingly.
14.
What impression had
the writer previously had of
a.
It was a beautiful place.
b.
It was a boring place.
c.
It was a charming place.
d.
It was an unhappy place.
15.
What did the writer
find unusual about Darrowby?
a.
the location of the bus stop
b.
the small number of shops
c.
the design of the square
d.
the lack of activity
16.
What did the writer
feel the guidebooks had missed about Darrowby?
a.
the beauty of the houses
b.
the importance of the bridges
c.
the lovely views from the town
d.
the impressive public spaces
17.
How did the writer
recognise Skeldale House?
a.
The name was on the door.
b.
It had red bricks.
c.
There was a certain plant outside.
d.
It stood alone.
18.
How did the writer’s
attitude change during the passage?
a.
He began to feel he might like living in Darrowby.
b.
He became less enthusiastic about the job.
c.
He realised his journey was likely to have been a waste of
time.
d.
He started to look forward to having the interview.
19.
The writer was going
to Darrowby
a.
to start a farm
b.
to try to acquire a post of an assistant veterinary surgeon
c.
to check if the guidebooks describe the place accurately
d.
to find the only house covered in ivy
20.
The writer claims that
Darrowby
a. has
clear air
b. gives
a feeling of space
c. is
very quiet
d. all
of the above
1. The Olympics occur
every four years in a different city around the world. This sports event has become an international tradition.
People seem to stop what they do to be able to watch the games during the two
weeks they take place. But, what would happen if the Olympic games were
cancelled? How would the world respond? What would people do? Write an essay
describing what the world would be like without the Olympics and your feelings
about it.
2. Mobile phones have
become popular around the world. People depend on mobile phones to do their
daily jobs or to keep in contact with other people. But what would the world be
like without mobile phones? Has this invention
truly improved the quality of life of those who use them? If you could
invent something new, what would
it be? Use specific details to explain why this invention is needed.
3. A holiday is a special time when people excitedly exchange meaningful presents showing their love for one another. What do you think is better: to give or to receive presents? Why? What presents do you especially wish for? Why do you want these things? If you had the money or ability to give anything to one person in the world, what would you give, whom would you give it to, and why?
In
this test you will select three task slips from those before you. After
selecting three, choose the one you feel you are most capable to
speak about and return the other two to the table face down. Then take about a
minute to collect your thoughts before you begin to speak on the topic. You may
refer to the topic as needed. Take a deep breath and begin.
1. People are often interested by foreign people
and cultures. Which foreign culture do you find most intriguing?
• Which
tradition from that culture would you like to experience?
• How
has the classical understanding of that culture evolved over time?
• What
are the advantages and disadvantages of accepting foreign traditions into your
own
culture?
2. Everyday millions of people visit
video-hosting sites such as YouTube.
• Why
have these sites become so popular? Do you or someone you know what these
clips? What kind of clips do you
watch and why?
• What
makes such sites different than television?
• How
do these clips influence society? Give examples.
3. Throughout most of the 20th century,
music and art were considered equally important as math and science. Some people are concerned that schools are placing
less and less emphasis on studying
art and music.
• Do
you think that students should be required to learn music and art in school?
Why?
• How
do you think our society will change if we stop learning about music and art?
• Who is your favorite composer or artist? Did
you learn about them at school or an
other way?
4. If you could be in any
TV show, which would it be?
•
Would you be a new character or an existing one?
• How
would you introduce yourself into the show?
• How
would your present affect the plot?
5. You have just won 10,000 dollars, and have decided
to take a trip around the world.
•
Explain the choice of the countries you will
visit.
•
Why are they important for you to see?
•
Who would you take with you to see the world?
6. Shakespeare wrote, «AII the world's
a stage, and all the men and women merely players».
•
Interpret this statement.
• Do
you agree or disagree with this statement? Why or why not?
• How
does this quote apply to your own life?
7. The world is becoming increasingly
urbanized.
• Why are more and more people
living in cities?
• In the future, do you
think people will live in the countryside?
• Is living in a city a sustainable
lifestyle? Explain.
8. Mobile phones have become
commonplace in the past decade, and are a useful tool
used by nearly everyone. However, mobile phones are occasionally used in
inappropriate times and situations.
• How
has the use of mobile phones negatively affected an experience you've had?
• If
you could write their guidelines for their use, what would they be?
• How
would society benefit from your guidelines? When is it appropriate to use
mobile phones?
9. Imagine that you are a newspaper reporter. You have the opportunity to
interview any
person in the world.
• Who
would you choose to interview?
• How
has this person influenced people's lives
• What
three questions would you ask first?
10. Mark Twain once wrote, «Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry and
narrow-mindedness.
Broad, wholesome, charitable views cannot be acquired by vegetating in one
little corner of the earth».
• Do
you agree with Twain's statement?
• How
does traveling to different cities and countries combat prejudices?
• Other
than traveling, how can people become more open-minded?
11. Imagine you have the power to see the future.
• What
advantages and disadvantages accompany this gift?
• What
responsibilities come with this gift?
•
Would you make the knowledge of your ability public? Why or why not?
12. Imagine that someday you will have a
career as an actor or actress.
• What
kind of character would you play? What types of production would you be in?
• If you
could play any character in a theater performance or movie that you have seen,
who would it be and why?
• Do
you think you would enjoy this career?
13. Discuss the quote «You never step
into the same river twice».
• How
do you interpret this quote?
• Do
you think it is a true statement? Why or why not?
• How
can you relate it to yourself?
14.Imagine you have a magic mirror that allows you to see anything in the
world.
• What
would you choose to see?
• What
would you do with this information?
• What
could be dangerous about someone having access to such a powerful tool?
15. If you could learn any language
besides Ukrainian, Russian, or English, what would it
be?
• What
are your reasons?
• What
opportunities would it create for you?
• What
unique hurdles would you have to overcome?
16. How important is it for young people
to have good role models?
• Who do
you think is a good role model for young people in your country? Why?
• What
would you most like to be admired for?
• What
characteristics define a good role model for you?
17. Imagine
working as a tour guide.
• Do you get many foreign tourists? Where do they come from?
• What do they come to see?
• What are the most popular places?
18. Many young people nowadays use
social networks like Vkontakte and Facebook to stay
in touch with friends and family. However, many critics fear that these sites
are costing us too much in terms of privacy and can have a negative impact on
users.
•What are the advantages of using social
networking websites?
• What are the possible disadvantages of using such sites?
• How can people reduce the risk they put
themselves in when using sites like Facebook
and Vkontakte?
19. It is required that pupils study a
foreign language in school.
• Do you feel teaching sign language would
satisfy this requirement? Why or why not?
• What effect would this have on Ukrainian
society?
• How would this impact the life of a deaf
person?
20. People today may think that
humankind has seen everything there is to discover in and around the world, yet there are still a lot of
unknowns about the ocean and outer space.
• Do you
think it is more important to devote resources to exploring the ocean or outer space?
• How
would we benefit from exploring this realm?
• What
do you hope we discover in the next ten years?
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